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Killer yeast
A killer yeast is a yeast, such as ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'', which is able to secrete one of a number of toxic proteins which are lethal to receptive cells. The phenomenon was first observed by Louis Pasteur, as noted in 1877.〔Pasteur, L., and J. F. Joubert (1877). "Charbon et septicemie". ''C. R. Soc. Biol''. Paris 85:101–115.〕 These yeast cells are immune to the toxic effects of the protein due to an intrinsic immunity. Killer yeast strains can be a problem in commercial processing because they can kill desirable strains. The killer yeast system was first described in 1963.〔Bevan, E. A., and M. Makower. (1963). "The physiological basis of the killer character in yeast". ''Proc. XIth Int. Congr. Genet''. 1:202–203.〕 Study of killer toxins helped to better understand the secretion pathway of yeast, which is similar to those of higher eukaryotes. It also can be used in treatment of some diseases, mainly that caused by fungi.
==Saccharomyces cerevisiae==
The best characterized toxin system is from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which was found to spoil brewing of beer. In S. cerevisiae are toxins encoded by a double-stranded RNA virus, translated to a precursor protein, cleaved and secreted outside of the cells, where they may affect susceptible yeast.
There are other killer systems in S. cerevisiae, such as KHR and KHS genes encoded on chromosome.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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